Domestic Violence

Question: Present to the class the examination of Human Rights of Domestic Violence in LGBTIQ Globally. Answer: The aggressive behavior at home in the LGBTIQ people group is as significant as the hetero networks. The term LGBTIQ represents the networks of lesbian, gay, androgynous, transgender, intersex and addressing. There are various human rights for the abusive behavior at home casualties in the LGBTIQ people group. The human privileges of the casualties shield them from the abusers under both the common and criminal security orders. The human privileges of the casualties permit them the assurance independent of the degree of the personal connection with the abusers. The casualties are permitted to squeeze charges against the abusers if there should arise an occurrence of crimes. The casualties of the aggressive behavior at home in LGBTIQ are given comparable human rights as a person in the hetero networks. The casualties are permitted to take lawful activities against the police power, on the off chance that they are associated with any crime (McQueeney, 2016). There are various social wo rk speculations, for example, the sociopsychological hypothesis of same sex battering, women's activist speculations, combination hypothesis and friend bolster hypothesis which characterize the IPV in LGBTIQ people group and contrast them with that of the hetero networks. There are various people and associations working over the whole world who guide and bolster he survivors of abusive behavior at home in the LGBTIQ people group. Presentation There are various kinds of abusive behavior at home dependent on various variables, one of which is the sexual inclination of a person. The human rights for abusive behavior at home in LGBTIQ centers around these kinds of abusive behavior at home and segregation done against people dependent on their sexual inclination. The term LGBTIQ grows to lesbian, gay, swinger, transgender, intersex and addressing, which characterize the sexual inclination of the people and the human privileges of those people secure them against the aggressive behavior at home identified with these components (Coker, 2016). Human rights Associations and people in different nations over the globe are taking a few activities to give human rights to the LGBTIQ people group against aggressive behavior at home. As of late the leader of the US, Barak Obama approved two or three changes in the Violence Against Women Act, which gives various worldwide human rights to the LGBT people group (Jonson-Reid, 2016). These human rights permit people in the LGBT people group to get assurance against abusive behavior at home similarly as the others. The National Center for Lesbian Rights and The True Colors Fund have united in the United States to give human rights and teach individuals about the equivalent in the provincial LGBT people group the nation over (Meyer, 2014). The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women has found a way to save the human privileges of the people in the LGBTIQ people group in all the UN part states (Reynolds, 2013). The Australian government acquainted abusive behavior at hom e leave with help the casualties of aggressive behavior at home in LGBTIQ people group. The casualties are given rights to take paid leaves to recover and accumulate themselves before returning to work. The worldwide LGBTI human rights gathering was facilitated in the nation of Uruguay from thirteenth to fifteenth July, 2016, in which included conversations of upgrading both operational and money related help for the human rights gave to the abusive behavior at home casualties in the LGBTI people group internationally. The city of Amsterdam in Europe is booked to have Europride in the long stretch of August, 2016. This occasion will incorporate gatherings with ARC-GS and its accomplices to examine and dissect the human rights gave to the aggressive behavior at home casualties in LGBTI people group in Europe alongside the confinements or shortages of those rights (Reynolds, 2013). Social work hypotheses A portion of the social work hypotheses for human rights are referenced in this area of the report. Hostile to severe hypothesis This hypothesis of social work permits the social specialists to be extremely mindful so as to evacuate the severe practices against the human privileges of the people in the social orders. The social specialists center around expelling the unfeeling use of overabundance of intensity on the people against their privileges. The social specialists in the LGBTIQ people group center around annihilating the force unevenness and persecution from the lives of aggressive behavior at home casualties alongside reestablishing their human rights (Dominelli, 2002). Social disgrace hypothesis This hypothesis of social work centers around the expulsion of social disgrace from the relating social orders. SO the social specialists in the LGBTIQ people group guarantee that the people in the comparing social orders are viewed as equivalent to the others and furnished with the comparative human rights against the aggressive behavior at home (Pryor, 2016). Hypothesis of minimization This hypothesis permits the social specialists in the LGBTIQ people group to guarantee that the survivors of aggressive behavior at home are permitted to utilize all the offices and rights gave to any other person in the comparing social orders. This hypothesis centers around the way that the people in the LGBTIQ people group ought to be permitted to get to all the offices according to their human rights (Gledhill, 2014). Job of social laborers and associations There are various social laborer working exclusively and as a component of different social working association, who offer help to the survivors of aggressive behavior at home in LGBTIQ. ILGA-Europe is an association which give a wide scope of help to the survivors of the abusive behavior at home and instruct them with respect to their privileges (Bacchus, 2016). IGLHRC (International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission) is another association, which instructs the possible casualties of abusive behavior at home with respect to the choices they have if there should arise an occurrence of a negative situation. USAID is another association, which is working on various approaches for getting the LGBTIQ issues to the standard. References Bacchus, L. J., Buller, A. M., Ferrari, G., Peters, T. J., Devries, K., Sethi, G., ... Feder, G. S. (2016). Event and effect of aggressive behavior at home and maltreatment in gay and androgynous men: a cross sectional review. Worldwide diary of STD AIDS, 0956462415622886.Coker, D. (2016). Aggressive behavior at home and Social Justice, A Structural Intersectional Framework for Teaching About Domestic Violence. Brutality against ladies, 1077801215625851.Dominelli, L., Campling, J. (2002). Hostile to harsh social work hypothesis and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.Gledhill, C. (2014). Queering state wrongdoing hypothesis: The state, common society and minimization. Basic Criminology, 22(1), 127-138.Jonson-Reid, M., Lauritsen, J. L., Edmond, T., Schneider, F. D. (2016). Open Policy and Prevention of Violence Against Women. Counteraction, Policy, and Public Health, 229.Meyer, H., Johnston, T. R. (2014). The National Resource Center on LGBT Aging gives basic preparing to maturing specialist co-ops. Diary of gerontological social work, 57(2-4), 407-412.Pryor, J. B., Bos, A. E. (Eds.). (2016). Social Psychological Perspectives on Stigma: Advances in Theory and Research. Routledge.Reynolds, A. (2013). Portrayal and rights: The effect of LGBT officials in similar viewpoint. American Political Science Review, 107(02), 259-274.

The causes and affects on bullied students in American high scools Research Paper

The causes and influences on harassed understudies in American high scools - Research Paper Example Then again, social elements ought to likewise not be neglected. Family issues, for example, absence of correspondence and family savagery, can deliver discouraged and rough young people that are inclined to being menaces. The nonattendance of school and educator inclusion, just as media factors, can likewise result to more extensive harassing rehearses. Tormenting, besides, impacts menaces, casualties, and observers. Menaces and casualties can both experience the ill effects of gloom, self-destructive goals, and school issues. Casualties likewise have higher truancy and wrongdoing issues than non-casualties. Onlookers likewise experience tension and defenselessness. These impacts can be reached out along the grown-up lives of these subgroups and effect their wellbeing and bliss over the long haul. It is significant for schools, instructors, and different partners to work together in settling tormenting conduct. They ought to comprehend its causes and find prompt and long haul arrange ments, in order to satisfactorily manage and forestalling harassing occurrence. Circumstances and end results of Bullying in American High Schools: The Bully, The Victim, and The Witnesses Bullying in American secondary schools has taken a bigger extent of the media and specialist consideration, particularly throughout the previous thirty years and after the Columbine disaster. In spite of this developing enthusiasm for examining and halting harassing, it unfortunately keeps on being a backbone for American schools, including its secondary schools. Gastic specifies concentrates from DeVoe and Kaffenberger and Dinkes et al. that expressed that from 2003 to 2004, more than one fourth of American state funded schools announced that harassing happened each week, where 21 percent of secondary school understudies experienced and saw tormenting (391). Tormenting is a disturbing wonder, since it underlies social and individual issues and further add to differing social and mental issues for menaces, casualties, and observers the same. This paper investigates the circumstances and end results of harassing in American secondary schools. It contends that harassing is a result of individual and social variables and that if schools and concerned partners will do nothing about it, this will add to outcomes of brutality, self destruction, and other wellbeing and prosperity issues. To characterize tormenting in this paper, harassing or provocation happens, when at least one understudies are â€Å"unfriendly or horrendous towards an understudy who can't protect him/herself very easily† (Roland 57). This can incorporate a wide scope of tormenting practices, for example, kicking, hitting, or pushing another understudy, or prodding and segregating casualties, either at school or on the web (Roland 57). Cyberbullying is an ongoing wonder that incorporates prodding individuals on the web or spreading bits of gossip about them in different informal communities. Harassing can likewise be ordered as aberrant, for example, being shunned or tormented on the web, or immediate, for example, being hit or kicked. Menaces are viewed as rash and truly forceful people, who think that its compensating to scare others, who can't protect themselves (Bradshaw, O'Brennan, and Sawyer 10). For what reason are there menaces? A portion of the reasons for harassing can be attached to the individual qualities of the domineering jerks. In 2011, Roland and Idsoe gave experimental proof that harassers scored high in â€Å"proactive aggressiveness,† which relates to the inclination to direct negative practices, so as to accomplish social prizes, for example, seeing trepidation and accommodation from casualties (qtd. in Roland 56). A few people conjecture that

Company analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization investigation - Essay Example For example, McDonalds takes part in a genuine preparing program for its supervisors. The preparation program is alluded to as Hamburger University where demonstrable skill is the base of its prosperity. The McDonalds plan to win envelops a system for its worldwide business. Through its key focal point of the components of individuals, item, spot, cost and advancement, the organization has had the option to catch the biggest number of clients in the inexpensive food industry. This has been in accordance with mix of money related order that has made it workable for the association to create and keep up upper hand. For there to be achievement in any business, Yuece (5) contended that there is a need to have inventive thoughts that empower an organization to build up the current items and administrations including presenting new items for the clients. This goes in accordance with the proceeded with statistical surveying particularly on customers’ necessities and inclinations. In light of this, McDonalds has had the option to ready to structure online administrations where clients can arrange on the web. This makes productivity and decrease of time wastage. Notwithstanding, the organization has been encountering terrible picture corresponding to undesirable nourishment propensities energized by the utilization of quick food sources that have been connected to heftiness and other awful dietary pattern complexities. This has prompted the organization being associated with a few claims and other lawful cases. For example, numerous cases have been delivered according to exchange mark issue. Furthermore, because of expanded rivalry, McDonalds has confronted firm rivalry from its rivals. This has been credited to what McKean (4) named as levelheadedness of customers. This is where clients become normal in utilization depending with the assortment of decisions that go in accordance with their necessities and inclinations. In this manner, if McDonald’s contenders offer what a few clients think best suits them, there are high possibilities that

Cases Of Corporal Punishment - Free Essay Example

Fourteen-year-old James Ingraham was held down and paddled twenty times, against his will, by three teachers, for allegedly not leaving the auditorium stage when directed. The punishment was so harsh, he required medical attention and missed eleven days of school. When taken to court, the court stated that cruel and unusual punishment does not apply to the corporal punishment of children in public schools (Wikipedia, 2018, n.p.). While many countries have banned corporal punishment completely, the United States has not. In 2017, a bill was brought about to Congress to ban all corporal punishment in schools but failed. Thirty-one states in America have banned corporal punishment in schools but it is still legal in homes in all fifty states. Corporal punishment should be banned in schools because it negatively affects learning, has adverse psychological effects and promotes violence. Corporal punishment is not only canning, flogging and branding a person but also spanking, whipping and paddling; any punishment meant to cause pain is considered corporal punishment. These types of punishments are still allowed in schools in nineteen of the fifty states in our country. Multiple cases have been brought to court due to the severity of some of these punishments, most have been thrown out. Students do not even get a chance for a hearing before receiving their punishment (Wikipedia, 2018). In 2014, Trey Clayton was paddled after sitting in the wrong seat in class. The principal administered three swats to the buttocks with such force that the student passed out, fell face first to the floor busting open his chin, fracturing five teeth and his jaw bone (Menon, 2017). Even though studies show that corporal punishment is not good for a childs mental health and physical health, it is still widely accepted in the United States (Taylor, et al., 2017). It is time we put an end to these kinds of punishments, punishments that do more harm than good. Corporal punishment causes students to think about school skeptically and relate school to punishment. Corporal punishment can cause many negative factors at a school level (Ali, et al., 2015). When students are corporally punished by teachers and/or principles, they feel that school is an unsafe place, deterring them from even going. When children do go to school, they are learning under the notion of fear, leading to a lack of mot ivation to learn (Nyarko, 2017) and less retention of knowledge. Fearful students are anxious students which tends to lead to a loss in concentration, loss of interest in studies, poor learning, poor performances on tests and worse overall academically (Ali, et al., 2015). Moreover, students do not participate enthusiastically in their studies and will not take risks even when being creative (Ali, et al., 2015). Students lose confidence, have lower self-esteem and have increased stress levels (Ali, et al.. 2015). Children in this type of situation tend to get into more trouble, leading to further punishment and continue in an unbreakable cycle. Save the Children and UNICEF state the more a child is punished, the more his performance will worsen (Ali, et al., 2015, p.183). Students need to have the opportunity to learn in a safe, peaceful, comfortable, inviting environment, relieved of undue stresses. Many parents argue that corporal punishment is okay though because it quickly rectifies the situation, allowing their child to return to class, missing minimal amounts of studies. There might be some truth to this, but students are often paddled too harshly causing a loss in school time for needed medical treatments. Also, corporal punishment habitually re sults in recurring behavior issues in students, leading to more missed class time. Graham-Berman states physical punishment can work momentarily to stop problematic behavior because children are afraid of being hit, but it doesnt work in the long term (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.). Â  A district in Florida offers other alternatives to spanking or suspension. Instead of swatting or paddling, students are sent to one of four off-school sites where students can complete their homework with a teacher and get behavioral support from a program created by a behavior specialist. School officials state that parents are turning more to this alternative method over spanking and the number of office referrals has cut way down. Students often return reformed and good students (Morones, 2013). Another reaction of corporal punishment is the negative psychological effects that go with it. Psychologically, corporal punishment has been proven to be the cause of many mental health problems. Children that receive corporal punishment often become anti-social (Smith, B.L., 2012), have feelings of powerlessness, hopelessness, worthlessness, self-doubt, guilt, inferiority, anxiety, depression (Nyarko, 2017), lower self-esteem and depression. Commonly, children show symptoms of post-t raumatic stress that can be crippling to children in the formative years (Nyarko, 2017, p.121). Effects like these can and will take a toll on a childs creativity, psyche and personal development (Nyarko, 2017). With so many negative factors on the overall mental health of a child, it is hard to imagine why it is still used. Regardless of the hazard, corporal punishment continues to be exceedingly common in the United States. But parents that agree with corporal punishment argue that it works stating that it corrects the problem. Scholars say differently. Graham- Bermann says Physical punishment can work momentarily to stop problematic behavior because children are afraid of being hit, but it doesnt work in the long term and can make children more aggressive (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.). Many others say it is abusive, only lasts a short time and even predictive of future violence (Adelson, 2009, p.283). Nadine Block, executive director of the Center for Effective Discipline in Ohio says, over time, it does not work (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.). Gershoff and Graham-Bermann state that corporal punishment is not consistently effective (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.). Parents are wrong. It does not work. Alan Kazdin, Ph.D., a Yale University psychology professor, director of the Yale Parenting Center and Child Conduct Clinic and 2008 president of the American Psychological Association states You cannot punish out these behaviors that you do not want. There is no need for corporal punishment based on the research. We are not giving up an effective technique. We are saying this is a horrible thing that does not work. (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.). Arguably the most important negative fact, corporal punishment promotes violence. Repeatedly, parents get frustrated and immediately hit their child without considering other options (Smith, B.L., 2012). Many times, the parent strikes the child without explaining the why behind it, therefore, children do not quit or correct their behavior and the parent continues to heighten the punishment. Children become literal whipping posts (Godsoe, 2017). Elizabeth Gershoff, Ph.D., a leading researcher on physical punish ment at the University of Texas at Austin says Physical punishment doesnt work to get kids to comply, so parents think they have to keep escalating it. That is why it is so dangerous (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.). Another study states the unintentional escalation of corporal punishment accounts for the majority of substantiated cases of child physical abuse (Taylor, et al., 2017, p.652). A study published in 2011 conceded that homes, where physical punishment is used, is more likely to have violence. Mothers that are physically abused by their partners are more inclined to think that corporal punishment is necessary (Taylor, et al., 2017). Their children are more likely to use violence as an instrument for dealing with other children (Smith, B.L., 2012) and acting out negatively (Xing, 2017). In a resolution from 1975, against corporal punishment, the American Psychological Association stated that corporal punishment can instill hostility, rage and a sense of powerlessness without reducing the undesirable behavior. (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.) Multiple studies have concluded with the same results; adolescences that are corporally punished are more inclined to use violence (Nyarko, 2017), have hei ghtened aggression (Nyarko, 2017) (Smith, B.L., 2012) and to engage in violent behavior during adulthood (Cheruvalath, et al., 2015, p.128) (Nyarko, 2017). This violence may not become immediately visible but affects the perception of a child (Smith, B.L., 2012) in turn causing adult aggression (Nyarko, 2017) and a lifetime of delinquent behavior (Cheruvalath, et al., 2015). Americans that are for corporal punishment state that corporal punishment teaches consequences for actions, they want their child to know if they do wrong, there will be punishment and feel that without corporal punishment there is nothing left. But parents are choosing to look past the effectiveness of counseling, restrictions and taking away activities and physical items the kids enjoy because it is too much of an effort on their part. Adolescents today are extremely attached to their phones. Parents are too because their child is always at immediate reach. Taking a childs phone away is detrimental to the child but a parent does not want themselves to have any burden. Parents of younger children do not take away tablets and Xboxes, because then the parent must spend more time tending to the child. If more parents spent more time with their children to begin with, actions would not get so far out of control. There are other options, parents just choose to use corporal punishment arg uing that it does not hurt anything and that it is still an effective disciplinary tool (Smith, P., 2018, p.284). Gershoff says I can just about count on one hand the studies that have found anything positive about physical punishment and hundreds that have been negative. (Smith, B.L., 2012, n.p.). Additionally, she recommends being consistent with disciple and proactive by praising good behavior. Overall, corporal punishment has been proven to have more negative effects than positive ones when it comes to our children. From negatively effecting studies, causing psychological issues to turning into adult violence, corporal punishment is overall a poor punishment for adolescents and the pros do not outweigh the cons. Victor Vieth of the Gundersen Center for Effective Discipline in Wisconsin says We have 50 years of research saying corporal punishment is risky and associated with negative outcomes later in life. And we know there are alternative forms of discipline. (Smith, P., 2018, n.p.). Multiple different researches have stated that physical punishment can have severe risks, yet we are not listening (Smith, B.L., 2012). Despite all the studies and negative factors, the recommendation and practice of corporal punishment remains high in our country (Taylor, et al., 2017). Studies have shown that where you live, your ethnicity, your education level, your socioeconomic status, your religion and if your parents used corporal punishment, all have an influence on how you feel about corporal punishment. Generally, if your religion supports corporal punishment, the stronger you feel about your religion, the more you typically favor the use of corporal punishment (Taylor, et al., 2017). When corporal punishment is taken too far and the case ends up in court, its the discretion of the judge that decides the fate. Running back Adrian Peterson was convicted in 2014 for using a switch on his child and consequently lost his career. Another judge acquitted a father that choked his teenage daughter stating in her opinion children need to be punished (Godsoe, 2017). Studies have proved time and time again that corporal punishment is a terrible decision for our youth. Six months ago, after much research on how to deal with my childs strong personality, I reluctantly took spanking out of the equation and replaced it with encouragement and incentive to do things as ask. When she gets a bad attitude or refuses to do as told, we remove ourselves from the situation, we discuss it, we find a solution that works for both of us and move forward. The results have been astounding. Instead of having a crying, angry child that still will not do as she is told, I now have a child that understands, is happy and cooperative. Last week, she asked me to give her and her sister more chores, because I already do enough. I call that success.

Do Carpenter Bees Sting

Carpenter bees can be aggressive, and nobody likes getting stung by a bee. But before you reach for a can of bug spray, you should know that its very unlikely youll be stung by one. Males Dont Sting Male carpenter bees, which are the ones with all the bluster, do not sting at all. Males dont even have a sting (or stinger, as most people tend to call it), so try as they might, they cant hurt you. All the male carpenter bee can do is bump into you. Females Do Female carpenter bees do have a sting and are capable of stinging you. A female will defend herself if she feels threatened, but shes not threatened that easily. If youre swatting at her with a newspaper or waving your hands frantically to scare her off, then yes, you might get stung. But stay calm and leave her alone, and shell do the same. Beneficial Pollinators Carpenter bees are beneficial pollinators that do more good than harm. They do occasionally nest in places people dont want them to live, such as decks or porches, so you may need to take control measures at times.

The Changing Face of Childrens Literature - 2610 Words

Children’s literature is always changing. It has evolved greatly over the generations. Children did not have their own stories in ancient times. Instead, they listened to oral storytellers who would recite stories I tended for adults to hear. Over time it became apparent that children needed there own stories. Moral stories and educational writing started to be written with children in mind. As printed books for children became more accessible, stories started to focus on entertaining children as well as educating them. Today, children’s literature has stories that are focused on children and offer real life views and vivid fantasy alike. Children’s literature has progressed from simply oral folktales to the child focused stories we see today. All literature started with storytelling. Our ancestors told stories for comfort, instruction, entertainment and to teach their culture and religion. Storytelling has been a huge part of cultures all around the world. In ancient times, there was no difference between childrens literature and adult literature. Children listened to the same stories that their parents listened to. Defining what children’s literature is seems like an easy task at first. However, it is really not as simple as it sounds. What is literature for children? If a book is written with children in mind is it still considered a childrens book if adults read it? Likewise, is a book intended for adults still and adults book of it is read and enjoyed byShow MoreRelatedIn Children’S Literature, It Is Not Easy Finding Books1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn children’s literature, it is not easy finding books with diversity, especially books involving a character or characters with a disability. It is very hard to find picture books that teach young children about special needs and disabilities. Studies have shown the number of books featuring characters with a disability has increased in the last couple years, but the resources are still limited. While the number and varieties of disabled characters portrayed in children’s literature have increasedRead MoreGender Roles Of Women s Literature1661 Words   |  7 Pages The way in which gender roles are portrayed in children’s literature significantly contributes to the development of our youth’s understanding of their own gender’s role and how they are perceived by society. It is important for children to understand gender roles because gender roles are an essential cog in the perpetual machine that develops our society, but these cogs have been replaced with newer, more up-to-date cogs over recent years, so to speak. As society has changed, so has the typicalRead MoreThe Value of Literature in Education1106 Words   |  5 Pagesthe giant textbooks and moving into books students can connect with. 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Analysis of Woolworth Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Analysis of Woolworth. Answer: Introduction Now-a-days every investor perform the investment analysis before making an investment in the organization and it is important as failure to make such analysis will lead to undue risk and less return as required on the investment. Analysis or interpretation of the financial performance of any company requires reporting on the financial condition of the company in regards to profitability, liquidity, asset efficiency and other important market conditions that impacts investors decisions. Every investor wants that their investment provides them maximum returns with minimum risk but it must be noted that good returns are possible where there are some risk associated. In this particular report, financial performance of the Woolworth Limited has been evaluated in detail and this report has been provided to the directors of the company who want to make investment in the rapid growing Australian economy. For this purpose, ratio analysis has been performed for Woolworth Limited and in order to make the industry analysis, the competitor of Woolworth limited, The Reece Group. The main purpose of this financial performance report is to help the directors of the company in taking the wise decision regarding investment in the Woolworth Limited. Financial Performance of Woolworth Limited and comparison with Reece Limited Group In this segment of the assignment, various ratios have been calculated and their trends for year 2015 and 2016 have been noted to understand the increase or decrease in the performance during the year 2016. Profitability Analysis Profitability is the most important criteria for any investor to choose any company because if company profitability is in increasing trend than it will provide good returns and market price of investment will also increase providing required return on the investment. In this category, ratios like gross profit ratio and net profit margin ratio has been calculated to understand the profitability performance of the company (Sagner, 2010). Gross Profit Margin Ratio Gross profit margin refers to the revenue left after meeting all the expenses related to the cost of goods sold. Generally this profit is not the profit that has been hold for the equity share holders as there are other expenditures that need to be paid before arriving at the actual profit. All the ratio calculations are provided in the appendix section of this assignment. According to the calculation made the gross profit margin ratio the company has earned gross profit of 27.29% in year 2015 and it has been decreased to 26.85% in year 2016, reflecting the downfall of 1.60% in year 2016 (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). The profitability position of Woolworth is acceptable but it is important to look over the change sin the trend and also requires to be compared with the competitor, The Reece Group. The cost of sales of Woolworth in year 2015 was 42,950 million dollars and reduced to 42,676.7 in year 2016. Same has also happened with the sale revenue of Woolworth Limited that causes the decrease in gross profit of the company in year 2016. Gross Profit margin ratio of Reece Limited in year 2015 was 32.98% and it got increased to 33.34% in year 2016 that shows an increase of 1.09% in the gross margin ratio in year 2016. So it can be said that profitability position of Reece Limited was better as compared to Woolworth or Vice Versa (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Net Profit Margin Net profit margin can is termed as the revenue left after meeting all the expenses related cost of sold, operating expenses, administrative expenses, selling and distribution expenses and other expenses. It is calculated as net profit before tax divided by the net revenue of the company in the same period (Sagner, 2010). In year 2015, the net profit of the Woolworth Limited was 5.61% which was reduced to 2.34 % in year 2016. This overall decrease in net profit ratio is about 58.24 % in year 2016 as compare to year 2015(Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). So it can be said that there is decreasing trend in the net profit ratio of the Woolworth Limited. It can be seen that there was increase in operating and administrative expenses despite of decrease in revenue in year 2016 when compared with figures of year 2015. The net profit ratio of Reece Limited was 11.43 % in year 2015 and has increased to 12.30 %in year 2016 that show the 7.60 % positive trend in net profit ratio. So it can be said that level of profitability of Woolworth is not acceptable for the investment purpose because both the profitability ratios shows decrease in profit and increase in expenditures that will lead to more negative trend in profitability of the company (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Liquidity Analysis Liquidity analysis means short term capability of the company to pay the liabilities of the company. Current ratio and quick ratio are two important ratio used to calculate the liquidity of the company (Sagner, 2010). Current ratio Current ratio measure the normal liquidity position of the organization as it tells level of current assets to pay off the current liabilities. The current ratio of Woolworth Limited was 0.84 times in year 2015 and it remained almost same in year 2016. Calculations show that there is overall 1.12 % increase in the current ratio in year 2016. It can be seen that company was not able to meet up all the current liability expenses in both the years (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). Current ratio calculations in regards to Reece Limited show that company has current assets of 2.02 times in year 2015 and it has increased by 1.20 %in year 2016 to 2.04 times. So it can be said that overall liquidity position of Reece Limited in much better than the Woolworth Limited in both the years (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Quick Ratio Quick ratio is absolute measure of liquidity position of the company as it measures liquidity through ignoring the assets that are not easily convertible into cash. Quick ratio of Woolworth was 0.30 times in year 2015 and it has increased to 0.33 times in year 2016 resulting increase of 7.29%. The short term liquidity position of Woolworth limited was worth in both the years as company has only 30 % of real cash to pay the current liabilities (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). On the other hand, the liquidity position of Reece Limited was very strong as company has quick assets of 1.04 times in year 2015 and 1.08 times in year 2016 (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Analyzing overall liquidity position of Woolworth in year 2015 as well in year 2016 it can be said that liquidity position of the company is not acceptable despite of increase in trend. It is because as per ideal current ratio the current assets of the company must be between 1.5 to 2 times the current liabilities but it is less the current liabilities. Asset Efficiency Analysis Asset efficiency means how efficiently the resources of the company are being used to earn the revenue (Bull, 2007). Inventory Turnover Ratio Inventory turnover ratio indicates the how many times the average inventory has been sold to earn the revenue. The inventory turnover ratio of Woolworth Limited was 8.82 times in year 2015 and 9.36 times in year 2016. It indicates inventory has been properly utilized by the company in year 2016 as compare to 2015 showing the increase in trend of 6.20 % (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). On the other hand, Reece Limited has poor inventory turnover ratio in both the years that reflects that company was unable to utilize the inventory to earn the revenue (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Days Sales in Inventory This ratio provides inventory turnover ratio in days of year. More precisely it provides how many days company needed to turn all inventory into sales. In year 2016, Woolworth has taken 39.99 days to convert the entire inventory into sales whereas Reece Limited has taken 97.63 days to convert all inventories into sales (Annual report of Woolworth Limited, 2016). Overall analysis of asset efficiency it can be said that Woolworth has utilized its assets more precisely as compared to Reece Limited (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Long Term Solvency Analysis This analysis helps to check the capital structure of the company as well as it also check the leverage position of the company (Bull, 2007). Debt to Equity Debt to equity ratio shows the presence of overall long term debt as against the overall equity. Debt equity of Woolworth was 0.28 times in year 2015 and it further increased to 0.44 times in year 2016 that indicates company has become more leverage in year 2016 as compare to year 2015. On the other hand the debt equity ratio of Reece Limited was 0.17 times in year 2015 and it reduced to 0.12 in year 2016 reflecting payment of debt loan in year 2016. Debt to total assets This ratio provides level of debt as against the total assets. Overall analysis indicates that Woolworth contains satisfactory level of debt as against the total assets of the company. In year 2016 there is some increase in debt capital of the company. It can be said that long term solvency position of the company is acceptable despite of increase in debt capital in year 2016 because the level of debt was below 0.50 times of equity that indicates company is not highly leverage (Annual report of Reece Limited, 2016). Recommendations and conclusion On the basis of overall analysis I did not recommend to the company to invest in Woolworth Limited due to bad profitability position in year 2016 and poor liquidity position in both the years. References Annual report of Reece Limited 2016. [Online]. Available at: www.reecegroup.com.au/assets/Uploads/F2016-Reece-Limited-Annual-Report.pdf [Accessed on: 5 May 2017]. Annual report of Woolworth Limited 2016. [Online]. Available at: www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/page/investors/our-performance/reports/Reports [Accessed on: 5 May 2017]. Bull, R. 2007. Financial Ratios: How to use financial ratios to maximize value and success for your businesses. Elsevier. Sagner, J. 2010. Essentials of Working Capital Management. USA: John Wiley Sons.